Mad race for India

Starting Monday, overseas investors can buy as much as $7.7 billion of state debt through 2018. - AFP

India is opening the door to foreigners to prod its powerful state governments into doing more to boost economic growth.
Starting Monday, overseas investors can buy as much as Rs500 billion ($7.7 billion) of state debt through 2018 after the central bank opened the sector to develop India's financial markets. Barclays and Bank of America Merrill Lynch see strong demand for the bonds, which are as safe as sovereign notes and offer yields about 50 basis points higher.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is pushing state leaders to play a greater role in jumpstarting an economy that is expanding below potential even as it boasts one of the world's fastest growth rates. State governments have control over land, water and electricity, making them essential to attracting investment.
"If you want development, it cannot be a top-down strategy," Sonal Varma, an economist at Nomura Holdings, said by phone. "If you want more bottom-up participation in growth then the best way is to encourage greater competition among states, which is what China did."
Modi is sharing a record 42 per cent of tax revenues with state governments and is trying to push through legislation that will unify them under a single national sales tax. Working together, India's 29 states would form a bloc that has a bigger economy than the whole of sub-Saharan Africa, more members than the European Union, and twice the population of North America.
State budget deficits have halved to about 2.5 per cent of gross domestic product over the past 15 years. Between April to September, their governments have spent more than Modi's administration and are poised to outstrip federal spending for the first time in at least six years.
"Indian states are benefiting from growth deepening after 25 years of reforms," BoFAML economists Indranil Sen Gupta and Abhishek Gupta wrote in an October 5 report, referring to an economic overhaul since India first opened its economy in 1991. "Rising aspirations are putting pressure on state governments to follow pro-development policies."
The investment cap will be Rs35 billion this year, and will steadily rise to Rs500 billion by 2018. The limits will be "fully utilised" given the appetite for government securities among offshore investors, they wrote.