Scientists use satellite data to spot offshore methane leak from space

For the first time, scientists have used satellite data to detect a major offshore leak of the potent greenhouse gas methane, according to peer-reviewed research.

The findings add a crucial tool to an expanding space-based arsenal for pinpointing previously invisible methane plumes from the oil and gas industry.

Fossil fuel operations globally emitted about 120 million tonnes of the planet-warming gas in 2020, nearly one-third of all methane emissions from human activity, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA).

The new study in the journal Environmental Science and Technology Letters identified a plume from an oil and gas production platform in the Gulf of Mexico that spewed some 40,000 tonnes over a 17-day period in December.

The platform, near Campeche in southern Mexico, is in one of the country’s biggest oil-producing fields.

“Our results demonstrate how satellites can detect methane plumes from offshore infrastructure,” senior author Luis Guanter, a professor at Valencia Polytechnic University, said in a statement.

“It opens the door to systematic monitoring of industrial emissions from individual offshore platforms.”

Satellite-based methods for spotting methane leaks over land have developed rapidly in the last few years, training an uncomfortable spotlight on regulators and industry.

But equivalent techniques have been lacking for leaks from offshore oil and gas operations, which account for about 30 per cent of global production.

Up to now, ocean water’s capacity to absorb short-wave infrared radiation has limited the amount of reflected light reaching space-based sensors.

Guanter and colleagues overcame this problem with a new method for measuring solar radiation bouncing off the water’s surface, called Sun-glint observation mode.

Methane is responsible for roughly 30 per cent of the global rise in temperatures to date.

At last year’s COP26 climate summit in Glasgow, more than 100 nations agreed under the Global Methane Pledge to reduce emissions 30 per cent by 2030. But several major methane emitters — including China, Russia, Iran and India — failed to sign.