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Iowa: A primary battle of primaries Iowa sets stage for big battle

White House hopefuls in frantic sprint to snatch momentum in debut state

des moines - Months into their White House campaigns, US presidential candidates on Sunday made a final frenzied push to persuade voters before Iowa kicks off the nomination process.

Democrat Hillary Clinton, fearful of a 2008 repeat when she was beaten to the punch in Iowa by an upstart Barack Obama, was leaving nothing to chance, stumping in the heartland this weekend as her main rival Senator Bernie Sanders did the same, seeking to deny her yet another shot at history.

Republican Donald Trump and his nearest rival Ted Cruz meanwhile made unmasked appeals to Iowa's evangelical conservatives so important in the first-in-the-nation contest on Monday.

And long-shot hopefuls like Carly Fiorina made their pitch to voters too, reminding them that polls are notoriously unreliable in Iowa, where political upsets are commonplace.

The three Democrats and 12 Republicans aiming to be their party's 2016 torchbearer are leaving it all on the field in Iowa, hosting several dozen events across this snow-swept heartland state as they gear up for Monday's debut vote in the presidential marathon.

The state is small and relatively homogeneous, but it is immensely consequential for the top finishers who can claim momentum heading into the primary in New Hampshire.

On the Republican side, it is billionaire Trump at the fore, tearing up the traditional playbook and largely avoiding the retail politics that require candidates to put in days and weeks in Iowa.

But he made the requisite appeal to evangelicals, who comprised 57 per cent of caucus voters in 2012 and are expected to play a huge part in the February 1 vote.

Trump posted a short video on Facebook, showing him holding up a Bible given to him by his mother.

"I want to thank the evangelicals. I will never let you down," he said.

At a Saturday rally in Dubuque, he expressed his usual confidence - "If we win Iowa, we can run the table!" - while knocking Cruz, repeating his concerns about the Texas senator being born in Canada and questioning his eligibility to be president.

Cruz is locked in a do-or-die battle with Trump in Iowa, and is counting on a strong evangelical turnout to help propel him to victory here. "We need wisdom back in the White House," supporter Pam Cobb said at a Cruz rally in Ida Grove, in northwest Iowa.

Hovering in third place among Republicans is Senator Marco Rubio, whose star is seen as rising perhaps just at the right time.

"You have a right to be angry," Rubio told more than 300 people at a university hall in Ames, Iowa.

"But anger is not a plan," he said in a dig at the bombastic Trump.

Rubio portrayed himself as the most electable Republican who can challenge Clinton, but warned that internal feuding will only doom the GOP in 2016.

"We are going to have our primary, and it's going to get heated," he admitted, noting the tit-for-tat negative politicking between him and Cruz.

"But in the end, we are going to bring everyone together. We have to. We cannot win if we are divided against each other."

Candidates including Rubio were bringing out their surrogates this weekend for added political firepower.

Clinton took the stage at Iowa State University in Ames with her daughter Chelsea, and former congresswoman Gabby Giffords, a gun violence victim who has helped raise concerns about the issue.

"Hillary is tough," Giffords said by way of introduction. "In the White House, she will stand up to the gun lobby." - AFP

Sanders, for his part, held a raucous rally on Saturday night in Iowa City with rockers Vampire Weekend. Some 3,500 people showed up, including Corinne Fonteyne, who is 17 but will be eligible to vote in November. - AFP

"I believe it would be powerful to have a woman president," she said. "But Bernie is the way I go."

Clinton and Sanders have been neck and neck in Iowa, but the former secretary of state received good news on Saturday with the Bloomberg/Des Moines Register's final poll before the caucuses showing her maintaining an edge.

She leads Sanders 45 per cent to 42 per cent in the survey.

The same poll gave Trump a bigger lead over his Republican rivals: The billionaire businessman had the support of 28 per cent of voters, followed by Cruz at 23 per cent, and Rubio with 15 per cent.

With just 48 hours before the caucus doors open, Clinton earned a coveted, if not unexpected, endorsement from The New York Times, whose editorial board described her as "one of the most broadly and deeply qualified presidential candidates in history".

The paper also gave a boost to Ohio Governor John Kasich, endorsing him as the "only plausible choice for Republicans tired of the extremism and inexperience on display in this race." - AFP

White House hopefuls in

frantic sprint to Iowa vote

Which way will Iowa swing?

It's down to the final few hours