India-Pakistan Partition: 75 years on, tech is helping people on either side of the border connect

Growing up, Guneeta Singh Bhalla heard her grandmother describe how she crossed into newly-independent India from Pakistan in 1947, with her young children, witnessing horrific scenes of carnage and violence that haunted her for the rest of her life.

Those stories were not in Singh Bhalla's school text books, so she decided to create an online history — The 1947 Partition Archive, which contains about 10,500 oral histories, the biggest collection of Partition memories in South Asia.

"I didn't want my grandmother's story to be forgotten, nor the stories of others who experienced [the] Partition," said Singh Bhalla, who moved to the United States from India at age 10.

"With all its faults, Facebook is an incredibly powerful tool: the archive was built off of people finding us on Facebook and sharing our posts, which brought much more awareness," she told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.

The partition of colonial India into two states at the end of British rule triggered one of the biggest mass migrations in history. About 15 million Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs swapped countries in the political upheaval, marred by violence and bloodshed that cost more than a million lives.

India and Pakistan have fought three wars since then, and relations remain tense. But social media has helped people on either side of the border connect.

There are dozens of groups on Facebook and Instagram, as well as YouTube channels that tell the stories of Partition survivors and their occasional visits to ancestral homes. These rack up millions of shares, views, and emotional comments.

"Such initiatives that help document the experiences of the Partition serve as an antidote to the charged political narratives of the two states," said Ayesha Jalal, a South Asian history professor at Tufts University in the United States.

"They help to alleviate the tensions between the two sides, and open up channels for a much needed people-to-people dialogue," she added.

Virtual reality takes survivors home

As the numbers of those displaced from their homes has swelled worldwide, technology helps monitor abandoned homes from afar, and records human rights abuses, while digital archives preserve cultural heritage.

Project Dastaan — meaning story in Urdu — uses virtual reality (VR) to document accounts of Partition survivors, and enable them to revisit their place of birth.

"VR isn't like film — there is a level of immersion and engagement that creates empathy, and has a powerful impact," said founder Sparsh Ahuja, whose grandfather migrated to India as a seven-year-old during the Partition.

"People really feel like they are transported to the place."

Using volunteers in India and Pakistan to locate and film places — which have often changed dramatically over the decades — Project Dastaan had aimed to connect 75 Partition survivors with their ancestral homes by the 75th anniversary of the Partition this year.

However, pandemic restrictions meant that they only completed 30 interviews since they began filming in 2019, said Ahuja.

"When visa policies were more friendly, people could physically go and see places and people," he said.

"Now, these connections wouldn't happen without technology, and VR has brought a whole new audience to the Partition experience."

Among the most popular YouTube channels on the Partition is Punjabi Lehar — or Punjabi wave — with about 600,000 subscribers.

Founder Lovely Singh, 30 — a part of the minority Sikh community in Pakistan — estimates that the channel has helped 200 to 300 individuals reconnect with family and friends.

Earlier this year, Punjabi Lehar's video of an emotional reunion between two elderly brothers separated during the Partition quickly went viral, drawing widespread praise.

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