Increasing disruption spells brighter future for GCC retail

GCC e-commerce market is estimated to reach $20 billion by the end of the decade. - shutterstock.com

The GCC region's retail  sector has been going through sweeping changes that are  not only disrupting the conventional retail but reshaping its future too. In recent times, the mode of retailing in the GCC has gone through substantial changes that was unimaginable a few years back. 
There are clear signs of transformation in the retail sector in the region. There is increasing scope for e-commerce in the Middle East, with Saudi Arabia and the UAE establishing the template for sustainable business models that other countries can look to emulate.  
Over the last decade, e-commerce industry has grown 1,500 per cent in the region. In terms of average spending, an online user spent $300  in the UAE compared to $90 in Saudi Arabia, $94 in France and $1100 in Canada in 2017.  However, the size of e-commerce in the GCC region is relatively smaller. According to estimates, e-commerce just stood 2 per cent of the total retail sales in the region in 2017 with the UAE taking the lead, followed by Saudi Arabia. 
GCC e-commerce market was estimated at $3.4 billion in 2015, $4.8  billion in 2016, $6.7 billion in 2017. Marmore research predicts that GCC e-commerce market will hit $20  billion by 2020. The ripple effects of digitised commerce will be wide and deep, directly impacting the conventional physical stores (retail industry), employment and the logistics sector. The growing youth population, higher mobile and internet penetration, high disposable income and booming fintech industry, are expected to propel digital commerce. In the GCC, mobile penetration is recorded at 76 per cent of the total population, and internet connectivity is reaching above 90 per cent of the population in countries such as Bahrain, Qatar and the UAE.
E-Commerce ecosystem
In the GCC region, 73 per cent of total mobile subscribers are having mobile internet, while smart phone adoption is 72 per cent as on Q2 2017. Additionally, GCC regions top the other Arab countries and Mena in terms of technology adoptions and utilisation. In terms of demographics, almost 50 per cent of the population between 26-35 years prefer online transactions in UAE, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Younger population groups tend to have lower internet utilisation. Similar is the case for higher and middle-aged  population across 3 GCC countries.
In 2017, when Amazon acquired Dubai-based online retailer, Souq.com, it changed the rules of the online game forever in the Middle East. According to reports, Amazon paid $850 million for Souq. The acquisition not only established Amazon's footing  in the region but also heated up the e-commerce competition and helped formalise the structure of the sector. 
Surprisingly, while more than half of the population is under the age of 25 in the region, only 15 per cent of businesses in the region have their online presence. On the demand side, the key reasons for the rise in e-commerce are, namely, ease of shopping, new payments mechanisms, development of fintech, multiple merchant points, rise of e-wallets and other alternative payment systems. Thus, there is an increase in consumers' willingness to use and accept such technology. On the supply side, the wide range of shopping brands  to choose from is one of the prime factors driving the e-commerce market. Huge investments, innovation in consumer mobile devices and connectivity, entry of new players,  competitive prices, expanding logistics services are the other key factors shaping the e-commerce market in the GCC region. 
Culturally, GCC countries are mainly cash-driven. Although mobile and internet penetration is high compared to global standards, the urge to touch and feel the physical product and, to some extent, a mild distrust in online payment mechanism have emerged as challenges before the region's e-commerce market. In an environment of cultural conservativeness and technology evolution, Middle East is yet to embrace e-commerce on a full scale. 
Although, the e-commerce growth in recent times has been phenomenal, complete trust and confidence in the system is yet to develop among the GCC population. In Bahrain, for instance, product search and data collection are among the top online activities, and online shopping is done by less than one-third of internet users. Also, in countries with higher online shopper penetration rates, such as the UAE and Saudi Arabia, the frequency of buying online remains subdued.  
Overall, the key pressing issues before the e-commerce sector include: Prevalence of cash-on-delivery over other payment methods and consumer wariness of safer online payment transactions;  Most of the countries lack a unified address system which, on the one hand, creates challenges for last-mile delivery;  Extensive use of mobile phone to trace customer location  makes delivery difficult and lack of a well-developed unified online payment system.
The online payment infrastructure is still in the evolutionary stage in the region and lacks deeper public trust. In Saudi Arabia, for example, about half of the population remains unbanked and card payment penetration is just over 40 per cent. In terms of logistics, most of the online retailers don't have well established warehouses and the distribution network is still weak. 
Strategies to drive e-commerce
For consumers in the Middle East and Africa, price-points or promotions (34 per cent) are the most likely factor driving purchasing decisions, followed by brand (24 per cent). This makes personalised messages and product recommendations crucial. 
Promotions using data-driven marketing and deep learning (a subfield of AI) can be widely used to understand the individual's shopping wallet. Entry of new players can increase competition and add better quality of customer service and better discounts.  A majority of regional customers prefer to check products personally. In such a case retailers may use strategies like providing comprehensive information about the product ingredients, easy returns and satisfaction guarantees. Also, understanding the motivation of shoppers, their behaviour pattern (behavioural targeting) through browsing patterns can improve the services offered by online retailers and make people transact more online.  
In order to improve the payment method, online retailers and local banks can leverage new forms such as QR code payment method which would enhance  customer convenience. Online retailers providing "bank transfer" option at checkout can offer a dynamic QR code via app that consumers can scan  using their mobile banking app and confirm the payment. In China, the ICBC's (Industrial and Commercial Bank of China) QR code payment is used for all small payment services, thus speeding up the e-commerce payment experience. Such payment methods can also be more secure as the payment information is not carried through the merchant's store network. 
Regulatory drivers like cashless societies, financial inclusion, protecting customers and more open banking competition can increase e-commerce transactions in the region. Though the GCC region is a late adopter of e-commerce, regionally tailored solution and strategies like improving the customers' trust, better logistics, reliable online payment system and increasing competition among the e-commerce players can offer great results. 
The writer is managing director of Marmore Mena Intelligence. Views expressed here are his own and do not reflect the news paper's policy