UAE doctor explains symptoms, different types of thyroid problems

The thyroid gland produces hormones that play a major role in the metabolism, growth and development of the human body, an expert said marking World Thyroid Day.

“The thyroid gland, a small gland situated below the Adam’s apple in the neck, plays a crucial role in the body. It serves as a control centre for metabolism, the process by which the body converts food into energy,” Dr Sajid Kalathil, consultant endocrinologist and diabetologist at Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, said.

“Any dysfunction in this gland can profoundly impact its function. The thyroid gland produces several essential hormones in precise quantities. Excessive secretion of these hormones results in a condition known as hyperthyroidism, while insufficient production leads to a disorder called hypothyroidism,” Dr Kalathil told Khaleej Times.

Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism

“Hyperthyroidism arises when the thyroid gland excessively secretes hormones, leading to accelerated metabolism and resulting in symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, weight loss, increased appetite, and anxiety. This condition can be effectively treated through the use of anti-thyroid medications, beta-blockers, and surgical procedures,” Dr Kalathil said.

“In contrast, hypothyroidism represents a contrasting health condition where the thyroid gland inadequately secretes hormones, causing a slower metabolism, obesity, fatigue, and intolerance to cold temperatures. The primary approach to address this condition involves hormone replacement therapy.”

Goiter

Dr Kalathil noted that a goiter manifests as an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland.

“This can be caused due to underactive or overactive thyroid and sometimes due to deficiency of iodine in diet.”

He highlighted various symptoms associated with this condition, such as the presence of a noticeable protrusion in the neck below the Adam's apple, a sensation of tightness in the throat region, hoarseness of voice, chronic cough and occasionally swelling of neck veins. Treatment options for goiter may involve the use of radioactive iodine or surgical intervention, depending on the individual case.

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