A British newspaper report this week alleged that Coleman had committed three whereabouts violation.
USADA issued a statement after Coleman, the US 100 metres champion, said media reports he had committed whereabouts violations which could jeopardise his participation in next month's world championships were "simply not true".
"We can confirm that he (Coleman) has been notified and charged under the USADA Protocol of a potential anti-doping rule violation for failing to properly file his whereabouts information," USADA said in a statement to Reuters.
"Under the World Anti-Doping Code three whereabouts failures within a 12-month period may be considered an anti-doping rule violation." USADA added.
The sanction is two years ineligibility subject to a reduction to a minimum of one year, IAAF anti-doping rules state.
A British newspaper report this week alleged that Coleman had committed three whereabouts violations which could prevent him running in the world championships and next year's Olympics.
"What has been widely reported concerning filing violations in simply not true," the 23-year-old Coleman said in a statement.
"I'm not a guy who takes any supplements at all, so I'm never concerned about taking drug tests, at any times," Coleman added.
"I am confident the upcoming hearing on September 4 will clear the matter and I will compete at the world championships in Doha this fall," he said.
"Sometime after the hearing, I will be free to answer questions about the matter, but for now I must reserve and respect the process."
USADA gave further details of the test attempts.
"Two of the three test attempts on Mr. Coleman were USADA directed and one of the attempts was initiated by the Athletics Integrity Unit (AIU)," it said.