What exactly goes on inside the mind of a bully?

On Monday, February 10, a video of a 13-year-old schoolgirl in a Dubai school bullying her schoolmate went viral on social media. The 57-second clip showed the girl violently tugging at the hair of another student and threatening her. The nature of the video shocked the school and parent community and rattled residents into launching a serious conversation about the prevalence of bullying in UAE schools.
Following media reports, the private school she was enrolled in said it has taken 'appropriate action' against the student and the Dubai's private school regulator Knowledge and Human Development Authority started an investigation.
Types of bullies
While an attack from a bully can cause mild to severe physical harm, it is the psychological impact on the mind of a victim that can cause long-lasting damage.
Sometimes, children who have been victims of bullies can become aggressors themselves.
Though there is a lot of information dedicated and policies issued to ensure a 'bullying incident does not happen again', not much is done to stop this problem, which, according to experts, is understanding it.
According to Sneha John, a child and adolescent psychologist with LifeWorks Holistic Counselling Centre, circumstances in their home environment leads bullies to behaving the way they do. "There are two types of bullies - the ignored child and the entitled child. Children who are neglected at home and children of overindulgent parents end up becoming bullies. The entitled child is also often the last child."
She added: "Deep inside, a bully suffers from severe self-esteem issues. If you look deeper, they are insecure and tend to pick on meek, quieter victims."
Early signs of a bully
John said there are easy ways to spot a bully. "Victims do not maintain eye contact; however, bullies will look straight into the eye." Children who bully tend to show a 'cool streak'. "They will use curse words in their greetings and tend to be rule-breakers. They would talk about smoking, swearing, seeing bad videos and have a general curiosity for 'socially unacceptable behaviour," she explained.
Home environment, communities make a bully
Gavin Walford-Wright?, chief people, marketing and admissions officer at Taaleem Education, said: "The definition of bullying has an impact on this response. Is bullying a one-off incident or a persistent pattern of behaviour that happens over a sustained period of time. There is no test or list of experiences that will result in this type of behaviour."
He explained: "It can be caused by a never-ending list of experiences ranging from personal insecurities, the need to fit in and be accepted by a certain group of peers, jealousy, personal experience of this behaviour in a domestic situation, watching it on TV, being exposed to it on social media, influences of peers and elder groups, long-standing rivalries, the list goes on."
Gavin said in some cases, children are modelling the behaviours they witness at home and in their communities, believing that because they witness family members or respected members of the community behaving in such a way it must be acceptable. "Often, it is only following an event and sometimes a significant incident that the patterns of behaviour are identified and the real reason for it discovered. In many cases, children will state that they didn't mean it, or they were just playing. In other cases, the bully may not recognise that what he or she is doing is hurtful," he added.
Can bullying be nipped in the bud?
From a psychologist's perspective, early intervention is the best way to help a bully. John said: "One has to nip it in the bud. If not for early intervention, there is a high chance for bullies to turn into sociopaths."
Sara Hedger, head of child safeguarding and child protection, GEMS Education, said: "Educators always need to be vigilant, continuously building and strengthening positive relationships with students. When educators understand their students, they are in a good position to identify any changes in behaviour - changes that are important indicators showing there may be something wrong."