Campus Gaza rallies may subside, but experts see possible 'hot summer of protest'

About a dozen students arrested by police, clearing a sit-in at a Denver college campus, emerged from detainment to cheers from fellow pro-Palestinian protesters. Several protesters were waving yellow court summons like tiny victory flags and imploring fellow demonstrators not to let their energy fade.

A key question for protesters, school administrators and police is just how much staying power the student demonstrations over the war in Gaza will have. These demonstrations have sprung up in Denver and at dozens of universities across the United States. Graduation ceremonies are being held, summer break is coming up, and high-profile encampments are being dismantled.

The student protesters passionately say they will continue until administrators meet demands that include permanent ceasefire in Gaza, university divestment from arms suppliers and other companies profiting from the war, and amnesty for students and faculty members who have been disciplined or fired for protesting.

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Academics who study protest movements and the history of civil disobedience say it's difficult to maintain the people-power energy on campus if most of the people are gone. But they also point out that university demonstrations are just one tactic in the wider pro-Palestinian movement that has existed for decades, and that this summer will provide many opportunities for the energy that started on campuses to migrate to the streets.

Evolve or fade away

Dana Fisher, a professor at American University in Washington, D.C. and author of several books on activism and grass-roots movements, has seen some of her own students among protesters on her campus.

She noted the college movement spread organically across the country as a response to police being called onto campus at Columbia University on April 18, when more than 100 people were arrested. Since those arrests, at least 2,600 demonstrators have been detained at more than 100 protests in 39 states and Washington, D.C., according to The Appeal, a nonprofit news organization.

"I don't see enough organizational infrastructure to sustain a bunch of young people who are involved in a movement when they are not on campus," Fisher said. "Either the movement has to evolve substantially or it can't continue."

Following the initial arrests at Columbia, students there occupied a classroom building, an escalation of the protest that led to even more arrests. Similarly in Denver, police on April 26 arrested 45 people at an encampment protest at the Auraria campus – which serves the University of Colorado-Denver, Metropolitan State University and the Community College of Denver.

Then on May 8, Auraria protesters staged a short-lived sit-in inside the Aerospace and Engineering Sciences building, developed in part with a $1 million gift from arms manufacturer Lockheed Martin.

Students in Denver say the movement's spread from the coasts to the heartland and to smaller universities shows it has staying power. Student protests also have flared outside the U.S.

"We're keeping our protests up and our encampment going until our demands are met, however long that takes," said Steph, a 21-year-old student on the Auraria campus who declined to give their full name for fear of reprisals. "We'll be here through summer break and into next fall if needed."

Fisher, the academic, said the police response to protests has helped ignite a sense of activism in a new generation of students. She thinks the current campus demonstrations foreshadow a "long, hot summer of protest" about many issues, and that the Republican national convention in July and the Democratic national convention in August will be ripe targets for massive protest.

"The stakes have gotten much higher, and that's very much due to the way that police have responded in a much more aggressive and repressive way than they did even back in the 1960s," Fisher said, referring to student-led protests against the Vietnam War.

"And then you just plop right down in the middle of all that the presidential election?" she said. "It's a crazy recipe for one hell of a fall."

After graduation, a ghost town

Michael Heaney, an American lecturer in politics at the University of Glasgow in Scotland whose research and books have focused on U.S. protest movements, said the campus demonstrations are just one tactic in the wider movement to support Palestinians, an ongoing effort that goes back decades.

• Columbia University cancels main commencement ceremony after protests