Kurdish pupils denied language lessons in Turkey amid wider curbs, say families

A Turkish government proposal to end a decades-long conflict with Kurdish militants has put Kurdish rights back in the spotlight, at a time when Kurdish leaders say repression is rife and freedoms won more than a decade ago have eroded.

One of those is the right to receive two hours of Kurdish language education in school, a move introduced by Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan in 2012 as an "historic step" in a country which once banned the Kurdish language outright.

More than a dozen parents, Kurdish politicians and education experts told Reuters their children today could not receive the language classes even in Turkey's largest cities, and not all Kurdish families knew of the right to ask for them.

Turkey's Kurds make up about a fifth of the population, numbering an estimated 17 million. Kurdish is the mother tongue for most and the right to education in Kurdish is one of their main demands.

The constitution however states, "no language other than Turkish shall be taught as mother tongue to Turkish citizens."

"The Kurdish people's right to education in their mother tongue is essential for the expression of their cultural identity and social equality," said Gulistan Kilic Kocyigit, chairperson of the pro-Kurdish DEM party in parliament.

"Education in mother tongue is essential for peace, equal citizenship and the protection of cultural rights."

Erdogan's key ally in his ruling alliance made a shock proposal in October that jailed Kurdish militant PKK leader Abdullah Ocalan end his group's insurgency in exchange for the possibility of his release.

Previously, a peace process with the militants was started in 2012 but collapsed in 2015 and was followed by fresh violence and a crackdown on the pro-Kurdish political movement.

"Optional Kurdish classes have become invisible in schools since the end of the peace process," said Remezan Alan, a lecturer within the Kurdish Language and Culture department of Artuklu University in Turkey's southeastern Mardin province. The department was formed in 2009.

Two of Alan's children were unable to access Kurdish class in Diyarbakir, a city of 1.8 million in the mainly Kurdish southeast. "There were enough requests, but a teacher was not available," he said.

Asked about the classes, Turkey's ministry of education, which speaks for schools, said, "it is possible for a course to be taught if at least 10 students are enrolled." It did not comment on the situation in individual schools.

Education Minister Yusuf Tekin last month denied that the state was ignoring requests from parents for the lessons or discouraging them from asking for them. If there were not enough students he said, it was because of a 2012 boycott of the lessons by DEM's predecessor party, which said two hours were not enough.

Parents want children to learn Kurdish in school so they can read and write in the language, they say.

Hudai Morarslan, a member of teachers' union Egitim-Bir-Sen which campaigns for teachers' rights and educational rights, says pupils have access to optional Kurdish classes in only 13 cities across Turkey. He is campaigning for them to be available in Bingol, a town in the mainly Kurdish southeast region.

"Everyone is afraid to ask," he said, adding that there is a constant fear of being stigmatised by the state and linked to the PKK, designated as a terrorist group by Turkey, the United States and the European Union.

"My mother who lives with us does not speak Turkish. I translate when my children talk to their grandmother. This is so sad."