Look: Haj 2023 begins in Saudi Arabia; 2 million pilgrims expected after lifting of Covid measures

Muslim pilgrims in Makkah circled the Kaaba, Islam's holiest site, and then converged on a vast tent camp in the nearby desert, officially opening the annual Haj pilgrimage on Monday, returning to its full capacity for the first time since the coronavirus pandemic.

So far, more than 1.8 million pilgrims from all over the world have already amassed in and around Makkah for the Haj, and the number was still growing as more pilgrims from inside Saudi Arabia joined, said a spokesman for the Saudi Haj Ministry, Ayedh al-Ghweinim. Authorities have said they expect this year to approach pre-Covid levels of more than 2 million.

Egyptian businessman Yehya Al-Ghanam said he was at a loss for words to describe his feelings upon arriving at Mina, one of the biggest tent camps in the world outside Mecca, where pilgrims will stay for much of the Haj.

“Tears will fall from my eyes out of joy and happiness,” he said. “I do not sleep. I have not slept for 15 days, only an hour a day,” overwhelmed by the emotions surrounding his pilgrimage.

The pilgrimage is one of the five pillars of Islam, and all Muslims are required to make the five-day Haj at least once in their lives if they are physically and financially able to do it.

For pilgrims, it is a deeply moving spiritual experience that absolves sins, brings them closer to God and unites the world's more than 1.8 billion Muslims. Some spend years saving up money and waiting for a permit to embark on the journey.

The rituals during the Haj largely commemorate the Quran's accounts of Ibrahim, his son Ismail and Ismail's mother Hajar.

Pilgrims have been doing the ritual circuit around the Kaaba since arriving in Makkah over recent days. As the last ones performed it Monday, the pilgrims made their way by foot or by bus to Mina.

In Mina, soldiers sprayed pilgrims with water to cool them down in the heat in the desert plain, where there is little respite from the blazing sun. The faithful set up in their tents, resting in the rows of cubicles and praying together to prepare for the coming rituals.

On Tuesday, pilgrims will move to Mount Arafat, a desert hill where the Prophet Muhammad is said to have delivered his final sermon. Afterwards, they collect pebbles from a site known as Muzdalifa to be used in the symbolic stoning of pillars representing the devil back in Mina. The final three days of the Haj coincide with the festive Eid al-Adha holiday, when Muslims around the world sacrifice livestock and distribute the meat to the poor.

• Explainer: What is the Haj pilgrimage and what does it mean for Muslims?