What is it like living in Makkah? For residents, the holiest sites are simply home

It is Islam's holiest city and a focal point for the faith's followers. But it's also a place where around 2 million people live, work, and do everyday activities

By AP

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A general view of the Grand Mosque is seen from the Clock Tower during the Haj pilgrimage in the holy city of Makkah, Saudi Arabia, on June 22, 2023. — AP

Published: Tue 27 Jun 2023, 12:53 PM

Last updated: Tue 27 Jun 2023, 1:59 PM

For Zainab Abdu, the holiest sites in Islam were the backdrop for her weekends growing up.

Raised in the holy city of Makkah, Abdu remembers roller-skating with friends near the Grand Mosque where the Kaaba is located. The desert plains and valleys that throng with pilgrims every year are where, in the off season, she and family and friends had picnics, rode horses and played soccer.

“The Haram (Grand Mosque) is my home,” said the 29-year-old pharmacist. “It’s my childhood. But people can’t imagine how normal life is for us. We do things that everyone else does.”

Makkahis Islam’s holiest city and a focal point for followers of the faith. It’s the birthplace of holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), where he first received God’s revelations of the Holy Quran. It’s the location of the Holy Kaaba, the black, cube-shaped structure that Muslims around the world turn to five times a day when praying.

A general view shows the holy city of Makkah. — AP

It’s also where around 2 million people live, work, and do ordinary activities like laundry, grocery shopping, homework, putting the trash out and paying the bills.

Away from the pilgrim-dominated areas, the city’s modern neighbourhoods spread out among boulevards with strip malls, gyms, schools and a university. The city has little of the glitz of Gulf cities like Dubai or Doha, or even Riyadh. The malls are modest, though bubble tea shops and well known chains like Sephora are moving in. One mall’s food court had a sign proclaiming that the U.S. fast-food chicken chain Popeyes was opening soon.

Daily life does make concessions to the city's sacredness. The holy city of Makkah has no cinemas, despite the government lifting a nationwide ban on movie theatres in 2018. For a cinema, residents go to the coastal city of Jeddah, about 70 kilometres (35 miles) away. Wedding halls are tucked away from sacred areas.

“It is a holy city and that needs to be respected,” Abdu said. “There is music at birthdays and other celebrations, but it won’t be loud.”

People walk at a giant bus station outside the Grand mosque in the holy city of Makkah. — AP

And once a year, the city’s population effectively doubles for up to a month as Haj pilgrims from around the world flow in, as is happening this week. Security tightens in the streets to direct traffic as massive crowds move around the Grand Mosque and out to the holy sites in the nearby desert like Mina, Muzdalifa and Mount Arafat.

For Abdu, it means allowing extra time for traffic and avoiding certain routes because of road closures, even though she doesn’t live near the Grand Mosque. She also braces for hours of overtime because of the influx of pilgrims suffering from colds, flu symptoms, upset stomachs or muscular pains — all typical Haj ailments. Born in Jeddah, Abdu has lived in the holy city since she was six.

Makkah residents used to have more personal interaction with the Haj pilgrims. But the measures authorities have put in to control and organise the crowds have imposed a distance. Huge investment pouring in has transformed the holy city.

Back in the day, “people had their homes open” to pilgrims, said Fajr Abdullah Abdul-Halim, a 57-year-old who was born and raised in Mecca. “If someone was sick they used to treat them in their homes. Those were beautiful times.”

Abdul-Halim's family home was close to the Grand Mosque, so they could watch pilgrims circling the holy Kaaba from their roof. Makkahan families would just hang out around the Grand Mosque, since there were few other public spaces. Abdul-Halim recalled going there with her parents and siblings every afternoon for prayers and staying until the evening prayers.

Now a move to Jeddah after marriage and the passing of relatives in Makkah means she has fewer reasons to visit the city. The neighbourhoods around the mosque have been transformed and are unrecognisable after the construction of monumental hotels, skyscrapers, highways and other infrastructure the past decade.

Both Abdul-Halim and Abdu said they used to do Haj easily, with little to no advance planning. But the days when locals could just join in freely are over; now they must apply for a spot like everyone else and pay fees starting at $1,060 per person.

Still, there is a special pride in living in the city. Abdu recalled how in elementary school “we were told to set a good example for people because of Makkah’s status.”

“I’m always told I’m lucky, I can go (to the Grand Mosque) every day. People are so excited that I live here. Sometimes I feel I don’t go enough, but I’m so grateful. It’s a gift,” she said. “When it’s the Haj, it’s like opening your home to guests. When those guests leave, you feel sad.”

A few days before Haj's official start on Monday, Bangladeshi taxi driver Jahid Rojin sighed as his car crawled away from the Grand Mosque complex and headed to the city’s Aziziyah neighborhood.

“It’s always like this during the Haj,” he said in Urdu, gesturing to streets teeming with sweaty pilgrims. Born in Dhaka, Rojin has lived in Mecca for 16 years, part of a significant South Asian community permanently residing there.

During Haj season, the rent he pays his taxi’s owner jumps to around $1,600 a month from $1,000. He had to move out of his apartment because his landlord wanted to rent it out to pilgrims and make some extra money. But, he said, he'll go back to his home once pilgrims leave, and traffic, prices and everything else will return to normal.

And he says there is an upside.

“The blessings and rizq (sustenance) you get from being in the holy cit cannot be matched anywhere else in the world, anywhere else in Saudi Arabia,” he said, as he charged a desperate woman more than triple the regular journey fare to share his cab with two other passengers. “I’m very lucky to live here. I know that.”