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Israel called on Palestinians to leave eastern Rafah Monday ahead of a ground invasion of the southern Gaza city, amid increasing global alarm about the consequences of such a move.
The evacuation call followed disagreement between Israel and Hamas over the Palestinian militant group's demands to end the seven-month war, during weekend negotiations in Cairo.
Egyptian state-linked media said the talks stalled after a rocket attack claimed by Hamas's armed wing killed four Israeli soldiers on Sunday.
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Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has vowed to send ground troops into Rafah regardless of any truce, defying international concerns.
US President Joe Biden and Netanyahu were to speak later Monday, the White House said.
"We have made our views clear on a major ground invasion of Rafah to the Israeli government, and the president will speak with the prime minister today," a spokesman for the National Security Council told AFP.
"We continue to believe that a hostage deal is the best way to preserve the lives of the hostages, and avoid an invasion of Rafah, where more than a million people are sheltering.
"Those talks are ongoing now."
Hamas said Israel was planning a large-scale offensive "without regard for the ongoing humanitarian catastrophe" in the besieged Gaza Strip or for the fate of hostages held there.
A Palestinian presidency statement called on Washington to prevent a "massacre" in Rafah.
Jordan's Foreign Minister Ayman Safadi posted on X: "Another massacre of the Palestinians is in the making... All must act now to prevent it."
UNICEF warned that around 600,000 children packed into Rafah face "further catastrophe".
Israel's "limited" and temporary evacuation order aimed "to get people out of harm's way" and followed the deadly rocket fire that Israel's military said came from an area adjacent to Rafah.
Gazan civil defence and aid officials said Israeli jets had struck areas of Rafah including Al-Shuka and Al-Salam, both of which had been told to evacuate.
The Palestinian Red Crescent said "thousands" of Gazans were on the move, leaving eastern Rafah.
In a statement, the Israeli military urged residents of eastern Rafah to head for the "expanded humanitarian area" at Al-Mawasi on the coast.
That area "includes field hospitals, tents and increased amounts of food, water, medication and additional supplies," it said.
But aid groups said the Israeli-designated safe zone was not ready for an influx of people.
"The area is already overstretched and devoid of vital services", said Norwegian Refugee Council director Jan Egeland.
The main aid group in Gaza, UNRWA, said "an Israeli offensive in Rafah would mean more civilian suffering and deaths".
The UN agency "is not evacuating", it added.
Asked how many people should move, an Israeli military spokesman said: "The estimate is around 100,000 people."
The Red Crescent said the designated evacuation zone hosts around 250,000 people, many of them already uprooted from elsewhere.
Abdul Rahman Abu Jazar, 36, said the area his family was told to seek refuge in "does not have enough room for us to make tents" because it is already full.
"Where we can go?" he asked.
On Monday EU foreign affairs chief Josep Borrell called the evacuation orders "unacceptable" and urged Israel to "renounce" a ground offensive.
The French foreign ministry said it "strongly opposed" an offensive on Rafah.
Gaza's bloodiest-ever war began following Hamas's unprecedented October 7 attack on Israel that resulted in the deaths of more than 1,170 people, mostly civilians, according to an AFP tally of Israeli official figures.
Israel estimates that 128 of the hostages abducted by militants on October 7 remain in Gaza, including 35 whom the military says are dead.
Israel has conducted a brutal bombardment that has killed at least 34,735 people in Gaza, mostly women and children. About 1.2 million people are sheltering in Rafah, according to the World Health Organization.
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